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Sousokolova I. A. (2018). The problem of crisis in psychology: L. S. Vygotsky and modernity (part 2)

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JournalMethodology and History of Psychology Year2018 Issue4 Pages160–174
SectionHistory of Psychology TypeScientific article DOI10.7868/S1819265318040131
CitationSousokolova I. A. (2018). Problema krizisa v psihologii: L. S. Vygotskij i sovremennost' (čast' 2) [The problem of crisis in psychology: L. S. Vygotsky and modernity (part 2)] // Metodologiâ i istoriâ psihologii. Iss. 4. P. 160–174.




The Problem of Crisis in Psychology:
L. S. Vygotsky and Modernity
(part 2)


The transformation of psychology as a science, initiated by L. S. Vygotsky, is considered in a historic perspective. We trace the evolvement of empirical and theoretical psychology towards the highest form of psyche (geniality, creativity) as outlined by Vygotsky. Moving from simple to complicated forms, objective-empirical psychology (psychometrics) describes creativity in terms of simpler forms (intellect, memory) by means of taxonomy of separate hypothetical appearances, and the latter are measured by a universal test based on the stimuli-reaction principle. Decomposing the complicated unity of creativity into separate elements does not allow to reconstruct it as a holistic phenomenon. Practical recommendations for selecting children with high tests scores and the stimulation of their productivity, based on a psychometric interpretation of creativity, do not lead to increased numbers of geniuses. An alternative theoretical approach starts by giving a definition of the highest form of psyche as a unit of analysis of creativity. This reveals the essence and discloses the mechanism of creativity. According to this definition, a specific psychological method for diagnosing creativity has been developed. It yields effective pedagogical recommendations for forming and nurturing creative people. This approach realizes a reconstruction of methodology of science, proposed by Vygotsky in response to the challenge of "highly organized practice" (a term of Vygotsky).

Keywords: theory of crisis in psychology; empirical psychology; theoretical psychology; psychometrics; definition of creativity


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