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Journal	Methodology and History of Psychology	Year	2018	Issue	2	Pages	47–72
Section	History of Russian Psychology	Type	Scientific article	DOI	10.7868/S1819265318020048
Citation	Sousokolova I. A. (2018). Problema krizisa v psihologii: L. S. Vygotskij i sovremennost' [The problem of crisis in psychology: L. S. Vygotsky and modernity] // Metodologiâ i istoriâ psihologii. Iss. 2. P. 47–72.

The transformation of psychology as a science, initiated by L. S. Vygotsky, is considered in a historic perspective. We trace the evolvement of empirical and theoretical psychology towards the highest form of psyche (geniality, creativity) as outlined by Vygotsky. Moving from simple to complicated forms, objective‑empirical psychology (psychometrics) describes creativity in terms of simpler forms (intellect, memory) by means of taxonomy of separate hypothetical appearances, and the latter are measured by a universal test based on the stimuli‑reaction principle. Decomposing the complicated unity of creativity into separate elements does not allow to reconstruct it as a holistic phenomenon. Practical recommendations for selecting children with high tests scores and the stimulation of their productivity, based on a psychometric interpretation of creativity, do not lead to increased numbers of geniuses. An alternative theoretical approach starts by giving a definition of the highest form of psyche as a unit of analysis of creativity. This reveals the essence and discloses the mechanism of creativity. According to this definition, a specific psychological method for diagnosing creativity has been developed. It yields effective pedagogical recommendations for forming and nurturing creative people. This approach realizes a reconstruction of methodology of science, proposed by Vygotsky in response to the challenge of "highly organized practice" (a term of Vygotsky).

Keywords: theory of crisis in psychology; empirical psychology; theoretical psychology; psychometrics; definition of creativity

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